In geometry, the circumference (from Latin circumferentia, meaning "carrying around") of a circle is the (linear) distance around it.That is, the circumference would be the length of the circle if it were opened up and straightened out to a line segment. Since a circle is the edge (boundary) of a disk, circumference is a special case of perimeter. The perimeter is the length around any closed figure and is the term used for most figures excepting the circle and some circular-like figures such as ellipses. Informally, "circumference" may also refer to the edge itself rather than to the length of the edge.
Video: Circumference of a circle
Circumference of a circle
Circle illustration with circumference (C) in black, diameter (D) in cyan, radius (R) in red, and centre or origin (O) in magenta. Circumference = π × diameter = 2 × π × radius.
The circumference of a circle is the distance around it, but if, as in many elementary treatments, distance is defined in terms of straight lines, this can not be used as a definition. Under these circumstances, the circumference of a circle may be defined as the limit of the perimeters of inscribed regular polygons as the number of sides increases without bound.[3] The term circumference is used when measuring physical objects, as well as when considering abstract geometric forms.
When a circle's diameter is 1, its circumference is π.
When a circle's radius is 1—called a unit circle—its circumference is 2π.
Relationship with π
The circumference of a circle is related to one of the most important mathematical constants. This constant, pi, is represented by the Greek letter π. The first few decimal digits of the numerical value of π are 3.141592653589793 ...[4] Pi is defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d:
Or, equivalently, as the ratio of the circumference to twice the radius. The above formula can be rearranged to solve for the circumference:
The use of the mathematical constant π is ubiquitous in mathematics, engineering, and science.
In Measurement of a Circle written circa 250 BCE, Archimedes showed that .......
Circle with circumference C in black, diameter D in cyan, radius R in red, and centre or origin O in magenta.
In classical geometry, a radius of a circle or sphere is any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter, and in more modern usage, it is also their length. The name comes from the Latin radius, meaning ray but also the spoke of a chariot wheel.[1] The plural of radius can be either radii (from the Latin plural) or the conventional English plural radiuses.[2] The typical abbreviation and mathematical variable name for radius is r. By extension, the diameter d is defined as twice the radius:[3]
Video: Geometry: Introduction to Circles - radius, diameter, circumference and area of a circle
If an object does not have a center, the term may refer to its circumradius, the radius of its circumscribed circle or circumscribed sphere. In either case, the radius may be more than half the diameter, which is usually defined as the maximum distance between any two points of the figure. The inradius of a geometric figure is usually the radius of the largest circle or sphere contained in it. The inner radius of a ring, tube or other hollow object is the radius of its cavity.
For regular polygons, the radius is the same as its circumradius.[4] The inradius of a regular polygon is also called apothem. In graph theory, the radius of a graph is the minimum over all vertices u of the maximum distance from u to any other vertex of the graph.[5]
The radius of the circle with perimeter (circumference) C is
Formula
For many geometric figures, the radius has a well-defined relationship with other measures of the figure.
Circles
The radius of a circle with area A is
Video: How to Calculate the Radius of a Circle Given Its Circumference
ADVANCED READING MATERIAL (OPTIONAL)
The radius of the circle that passes through the three non-collinear points P1, P2, and P3 is given by
where θ is the angle ∠P1P2P3. This formula uses the law of sines. If the three points are given by their coordinates (x1,y1), (x2,y2), and (x3,y3), the radius can be expressed as
Video: How to find center of circle and radius (three non collinear points)
Regular polygons
A square, for example (n=4)
The radius r of a regular polygon with n sides of length s is given by r = Rns, where Values of Rn for .........
In geometry, a hypotenuse (rarely: hypothenuse) is the longest side of a right-angled triangle, the side opposite of the right angle. The length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle can be found using the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. For example, if one of the other sides has a length of 3 (when squared, 9) and the other has a length of 4 (when squared, 16), then their squares add up to 25. The length of the hypotenuse is the square root of 25, that is, 5.
Calculating the hypotenuse
A right-angled triangle and its hypotenuse, h, along with catheti (legs) c1 and c2.
The length of the hypotenuse is calculated using the square root function implied by the Pythagorean theorem. Using the common notation that the length of the two legs of the triangle (the sides perpendicular to each other) are a and b and that of the hypotenuse is c, we have
The Pythagorean theorem, and hence this length, can also be derived from the law of cosines by observing that the angle opposite the hypotenuse is 90° and noting that its cosine is 0:
Video: Pythagoras Theorem - Find Hypotenuse
Properties
In the figure, a is the hypotenuse and b and c are the catheti. The orthographic projection of b is m, and of c is n.
![{\displaystyle r={\frac {\sqrt {[(x_{2}-x_{1})^{2}+(y_{2}-y_{1})^{2}][(x_{2}-x_{3})^{2}+(y_{2}-y_{3})^{2}][(x_{3}-x_{1})^{2}+(y_{3}-y_{1})^{2}]}}{2|x_{1}y_{2}+x_{2}y_{3}+x_{3}y_{1}-x_{1}y_{3}-x_{2}y_{1}-x_{3}y_{2}|}}.}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/caffb954e8c39a26dcc5e4ad4f66494edd313008)
Values of Rn for .........
